Japanese Etiquette: What to Say in Different Situations

Japanese culture places a strong emphasis on politeness, humility, and proper manners. Knowing the right words to use in different situations is key to making a good impression and building strong relationships. Whether you're greeting someone, expressing gratitude, apologizing, or asking for assistance, using the appropriate phrase and etiquette can make all the difference.
In this guide, we'll explore essential Japanese expressions for daily interactions, along with etiquette tips to help you communicate more naturally and respectfully.

Must Learn Basic Japanese Etiquette

1. Greetings and Introductions

Common Phrases:

• こんにちは (Konnichiwa) – Hello
• おはようございます (Ohayou gozaimasu) – Good morning (formal)
• こんばんは (Konbanwa) – Good evening
• はじめまして (Hajimemashite) – Nice to meet you
• よろしくお願いします (Yoroshiku onegaishimasu) – Please treat me well (used in introductions and requests)

Etiquette Tip:

Always bow when greeting someone, with the depth of the bow depending on the level of formality.

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2. Expressing Gratitude

Common Phrases:

• ありがとうございます (Arigatou gozaimasu) – Thank you (formal)
• どうもありがとう (Doumo arigatou) – Thank you very much
• お手数をおかけしました (Otesuu o okake shimashita) – Sorry for the trouble (used in customer service situations)

Etiquette Tip:

A small bow when saying "thank you" adds sincerity to your gratitude.

3. Apologizing and Excusing Yourself

Common Phrases:

• ごめんなさい (Gomen nasai) – I'm sorry (casual)
• 申し訳ありません (Moushiwake arimasen) – I sincerely apologize (very formal)
• すみません (Sumimasen) – Excuse me / Sorry
• 恐れ入ります (Osoreirimasu) – Pardon me (used in customer service settings)

Etiquette Tip:

Bowing while apologizing shows sincerity. The deeper the bow, the more serious the apology.

4. Asking for Help or Directions

Common Phrases:

• すみませんが... (Sumimasen ga...) – Excuse me, but…
• これはどこですか? (Kore wa doko desu ka?) – Where is this?
• 英語を話せますか? (Eigo o hanasemasu ka?) – Can you speak English?
• 助けてください (Tasukete kudasai) – Please help me

Etiquette Tip:

Politeness is key when asking for help. Using "sumimasen" before your request makes it more polite.

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5. Dining Etiquette and Restaurant Phrases

Common Phrases:

• いただきます (Itadakimasu) – Said before eating (shows gratitude for the meal)
• ごちそうさまでした (Gochisousama deshita) – Said after eating (thanks for the meal)
• お会計をお願いします (Okaikei o onegaishimasu) – The bill, please
• これをお願いします (Kore o onegaishimasu) – I’d like to order this

Etiquette Tip:

Never stick chopsticks upright into rice, as this resembles a funeral ritual. Also, avoid passing food directly from one set of chopsticks to another.

Now moving to the next part lets learn some common Japanese Etiquettes that makes them so humble and kind. 

Japanese Etiquette Guide: 10 Essential Rules You Must Know 

1. The Art of Bowing (お辞儀 - Ojigi)

Bowing is the most traditional and visible sign of respect in Japan.
Depending on the situation, bows can vary in depth and duration:

• Casual greeting: A slight nod (about 15 degrees) is enough among friends.
  
   
• Formal meeting: A deeper bow (about 30 degrees) shows respect to colleagues or strangers.
  
   
• Apology or deep respect: A deep bow (45 degrees or more) is used to show deep sincerity.
  
   

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Tip: Maintain eye contact before and after bowing. Never bow while speaking — finish your words first, then bow.

2. Using Honorific Language (敬語 - Keigo)

Japanese has a sophisticated system of honorific language called Keigo, used to show respect toward others.
There are three main types:

• Sonkeigo (Respectful language): Elevates the listener.
  
   
• Kenjougo (Humble language): Lowers yourself to show humility.
  
   
• Teineigo (Polite language): General politeness (using “です” and “ます” forms).
  
   

Tip: Even beginners should try to consistently use basic polite forms (Teineigo). In business settings, misuse of keigo can leave a negative impression.

3. Removing Shoes Indoors (靴を脱ぐ - Kutsu wo nugu)

In Japanese homes, traditional inns (旅館 - ryokan), temples, and some restaurants, it is mandatory to remove your shoes before entering.
You will often find a genkan (entrance area) with slippers provided.

Tip:

• Always step into the house wearing socks, not bare feet.
  
   
• Face your shoes toward the door for easy departure later.
  
   
• Use provided indoor slippers, but remove them before stepping on tatami mats.
   

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4. Proper Dining Manners (食事のマナー - Shokuji no Manner)

Japanese dining etiquette is very detailed. Here are basics you must remember:

• Say "いただきます (Itadakimasu)" before eating (to express thanks).
  
   
• Say "ごちそうさまでした (Gochisousama deshita)" after finishing.
  
   
• Do not stick chopsticks upright into rice — it resembles a funeral offering.
  
   
• Do not pass food from chopstick to chopstick — also associated with funeral rituals.
  
   
• Use the opposite end of your chopsticks if taking food from shared plates.
  
   

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Tip:
Slurping noodles (especially ramen or soba) is not rude — it's actually a sign you are enjoying the meal!

5. Handling Money Respectfully

In Japan, handing over money directly is considered impolite, especially in stores and restaurants.
Instead, a small tray is usually provided near the register.

Tip:

• Place your cash or card on the tray.
  
   
• Wait for the cashier to pick it up and return your change the same way.
  
   
• Always use two hands when handing someone cash, especially in formal settings.
   

6. Gift-Giving and Receiving (贈り物のマナー - Okurimono no Manner)

Gift-giving is an important ritual in Japanese culture, used to show appreciation, apology, or respect.
Common occasions include returning from trips (omiyage) and year-end gifts (oseibo).

Tip:

• Always present gifts with both hands.
  
   
• It is polite to modestly refuse once or twice before accepting a gift, as a gesture of humility.
  
   
• Do not open the gift immediately unless the giver insists.

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7. Respect Personal Space and Quietness

Japan values harmony, and part of that is minimizing disturbances in public spaces.
Talking loudly, especially on public transportation, is seen as rude.

Tip:

• Set phones to silent mode (“マナーモード”).
  
   
• Avoid eating while walking unless you're at a festival.
  
   
• Be mindful of your body space in crowded areas.

8. Polite Communication Phrases

When communicating in Japanese, small polite phrases go a long way.
Key phrases include:

• すみません (Sumimasen): Excuse me / I’m sorry
  
   
• お願いします (Onegaishimasu): Please
  
   
• 失礼します (Shitsurei shimasu): Excuse me (entering/leaving a room)
  
   
• よろしくお願いします (Yoroshiku onegaishimasu): I look forward to working with you
  
   

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Tip:
Politeness is more important than fluency. Even a few words said respectfully will be appreciated.

9. Proper Behavior at Shrines and Temples

When visiting religious sites in Japan, it's important to show reverence:

• At Shinto shrines, bow once before entering the torii gate.
  
   
• Purify yourself at the temizuya (water pavilion) by washing your hands and mouth.
  
   
• When praying: throw a coin, bow twice, clap twice, pray silently, then bow once more.
  
   

Tip:
Photography inside shrines and temples is often restricted — look for signs and always ask if unsure.

10. Punctuality and Time Respect

Being on time is a fundamental part of Japanese manners, both socially and professionally.
Arriving even 5–10 minutes early is often expected.

Tip:

• If you will be even slightly late, always call or message ahead.
  
   
• In business settings, arriving earlier than your appointment time is a sign of respect.
   

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FAQs

1. How do I politely decline an offer in Japanese?

You can say "けっこうです (Kekkou desu)" meaning "No, thank you" or "大丈夫です (Daijoubu desu)" meaning "I’m okay."

2. Is bowing necessary when speaking Japanese?

Yes, bowing is a fundamental part of Japanese etiquette. The depth of the bow depends on the level of formality.

3. What should I say when entering someone’s home in Japan?

Say "おじゃまします (Ojamashimasu)," which means "Excuse me for intruding."

4. How do I respond when someone thanks me?

A common response is "どういたしまして (Dou itashimashite)," meaning "You're welcome."

5. What do I say before and after a meal?

Before eating, say "いただきます (Itadakimasu)," and after finishing, say **"ごちそうさまでした (Gochisousama deshita)."

Mastering basic Japanese etiquette and phrases can make a great impression and help you navigate social interactions smoothly. Whether you’re greeting someone, apologizing, or dining out, using the right expressions will show respect and appreciation for Japanese culture.